HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF TOPONYM FORMATION IN JAPAN AND UZBEKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

This article examines the historical and cultural foundations of toponym formation in Japan and Uzbekistan from comparative linguistic and linguocultural perspectives. Particular attention is paid to the historical development of geographical names, their semantic structures, cultural significance, and the influence of natural, social, political, and religious factors on the formation of place names. The study analyzes the role of geographical characteristics, historical events, personal names, traditional beliefs, administrative transformations, and national cultural values in the development of Japanese and Uzbek toponymic systems. It also identifies similarities and differences in the structural and semantic organization of toponyms in the two languages. The findings demonstrate that geographical names function not only as linguistic units but also as important repositories of historical memory, cultural identity, and collective experience. The comparative analysis reveals that Japanese toponyms frequently reflect landscape characteristics, religious traditions, and historical settlement patterns, whereas Uzbek toponyms preserve information about ancient settlements, tribal structures, irrigation systems, geographical conditions, and historical personalities. The article contributes to the study of comparative toponymy, onomastics, historical linguistics, and intercultural communication.