Design and Implementation of Energy Digital Twin System for Railway Stations

Building energy simulation relies on static design-stage inputs and diverges from actual operation after commissioning. This study designs a railway-station digital twin system in five layers, coupling measurements with simulation without re-exporting the model by combining pyenergyplus.api and eppy, and implements it for railway station. The system assembles an EnergyPlus model from a generation script and a parameter catalogue, modifies envelope, equipment and schedules at the object level with eppy, and runs EnergyPlus 26.1.0 in-process, completing an annual simulation of the ten-zone station model in 3.8 to 6.1 seconds. The model was calibrated to monthly metered electricity within ASHRAE Guideline 14 monthly criteria, and CO2 measured by the on-site sensor network was inverted through a mass balance to update ventilation and occupancy inputs. The service layer serves parametric queries via FastAPI, Celery, a result cache, an XGBoost surrogate and Bayesian optimization, and a web dashboard provides monitoring and scenario exploration. The core API and worker processes ran 27 days from 5 August 2026 without restart. Parametric analysis and measurement coupling are achieved in one environment without the re-export required by the earlier FMU approach, while per-timestep measurement injection and closed-loop updating remain at the design stage with interfaces implemented.