AI, National Criminal Procedure Code, Criminal Investigation and Adjudication in Nepal

The National Criminal Procedure Code, 2017 confers ample powers to the government to use of science and technology in the investigation and adjudication of criminal offences in Nepal. The Code allows for the filing of a First Information Report (FIR) through electronic means, which aims to facilitate greater accessibility and efficacy in the reporting of crimes. Further, the law allows the investigating agencies to use of technology during investigation in many respects. The statement of accused may be recorded through video conferencing in cases where accused or witness cannot be produced due to physical illness, old age, or security concerns. The law mandates for digital archiving of FIRs so registered. Further, the courts may record the statement of witness through video conferencing, and such statements are required to be digitally archived. The exchange of documents through electronic means and the computerized arrangement for listing the matters and giving dates facilitate technology-enabled court proceedings. The digital and automated case management systems operated by Nepal's courts contribute to the modernization and efficiency of judicial processes. Current study explores the legal frameworks relating to the use of technology in criminal investigation and adjudication in Nepal.