Same File, Different Answers: Execution-Equivalent Settings Change Benchmark Results of Quantized LLMs on CPUs

People compare quantized language models by running benchmarks locally, usually with llama.cpp on a CPU, and treat a difference of a point or two as a property of the weights. I measure how much of such a difference can come from settings that do not change the model at all: the CPU backend tier the runtime picks for the machine, the micro-batch size, flash attention, weight repacking, and the server's prompt cache and parallel slots. With the release, the GGUF file, the prompts and greedy decoding held fixed, I ran six model files through a teacher-forced grid of twelve such settings and 980 benchmark items (MMLU, TriviaQA, GSM8K) under a subset of them. A rerun of the same configuration is bitwise identical and thread count never matters. Most other settings do. For Qwen3-0.6B in Q4_K_M, loading the AVX tier instead of the AVX2 tier changed 41 of 600 MMLU answers and 20% of all generated outputs while no task's accuracy moved by more than 1.3 points, and two runs of the identical parallel-server command agreed bitwise on 45% of items. A pre-registered test traces the size of the effect to activation quantization: the same tier change leaves an F32 model at the measurement floor but gives a mean KL divergence of about 10^-3 for Q8_0 and 10^-2 for Q4_K_M, because rounding activations to 8-bit integers turns float32 rounding differences into full quantization steps. Measured against the gap between quantization formats, the execution-only change is about 60% of the Q8_0-versus-F16 divergence. I give a short protocol for pinning these settings and for measuring the noise floor before comparing two quantized files. Code, raw per-item outputs and the pre-registration: https://github.com/zaydmulani09/same-file-different-answers

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24055875
Primary Topic
Advanced Neural Network Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Same File, Different Answers: Execution-Equivalent Settings Change Benchmark Results of Quantized LLMs on CPUs

Zayd Mulani
4 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Neural Network Applications
preprint

Same File, Different Answers: Execution-Equivalent Settings Change Benchmark Results of Quantized LLMs on CPUs

Zayd Mulani
preprint en

Abstract

People compare quantized language models by running benchmarks locally, usually with llama.cpp on a CPU, and treat a difference of a point or two as a property of the weights. I measure how much of such a difference can come from settings that do not change the model at all: the CPU backend tier the runtime picks for the machine, the micro-batch size, flash attention, weight repacking, and the server's prompt cache and parallel slots. With the release, the GGUF file, the prompts and greedy decoding held fixed, I ran six model files through a teacher-forced grid of twelve such settings and 980 benchmark items (MMLU, TriviaQA, GSM8K) under a subset of them. A rerun of the same configuration is bitwise identical and thread count never matters. Most other settings do. For Qwen3-0.6B in Q4_K_M, loading the AVX tier instead of the AVX2 tier changed 41 of 600 MMLU answers and 20% of all generated outputs while no task's accuracy moved by more than 1.3 points, and two runs of the identical parallel-server command agreed bitwise on 45% of items. A pre-registered test traces the size of the effect to activation quantization: the same tier change leaves an F32 model at the measurement floor but gives a mean KL divergence of about 10^-3 for Q8_0 and 10^-2 for Q4_K_M, because rounding activations to 8-bit integers turns float32 rounding differences into full quantization steps. Measured against the gap between quantization formats, the execution-only change is about 60% of the Q8_0-versus-F16 divergence. I give a short protocol for pinning these settings and for measuring the noise floor before comparing two quantized files. Code, raw per-item outputs and the pre-registration: https://github.com/zaydmulani09/same-file-different-answers

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Neural Network Applications
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Same File, Different Answers: Execution-Equivalent Settings Change Benchmark Results of Quantized LLMs on CPUs — Zayd Mulani · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS