Exploring English Teachers' Experiences in Integrating Virtual Reality-Based Audiovisual Media into EFL Speaking Instruction

The integration of Virtual Reality (VR)-based audiovisual media has created new possibilities for developing more contextualized and engaging English speaking instruction. However, limited attention has been given to teachers’ experiences as key agents in implementing VR technology in EFL classrooms. This study aimed to explore English teachers’ experiences in integrating VR-based audiovisual media into speaking instruction, focusing on teachers’ instructional strategies, pedagogical roles, and challenges and opportunities encountered during implementation. A qualitative case study design was employed at MTs Mambaul Ulum Arjasa Kangean, East Java, Indonesia. The participants were three English teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed three major themes. First, teachers integrated VR through structured speaking activities involving preparation, immersive exploration, collaborative interaction, and reflective feedback. Second, teachers enacted multiple roles as facilitators, motivators, technological guides, classroom managers, and providers of formative feedback to support students’ speaking development. Third, teachers experienced both challenges and opportunities, including limited technological resources, technical difficulties, and the need for digital competence, while recognizing VR’s potential to enhance students’ motivation, confidence, and authentic communication experiences. The study concludes that effective VR integration depends not only on technological availability but also on teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, adaptability, and institutional support. These findings highlight the importance of teacher professional development and adequate infrastructure to maximize the potential of VR-based audiovisual media in EFL speaking instruction.