A Verifiable Lot-State Backbone for Recycled NdFeB Permanent Magnets

Working paper (preprint, restricted access). A Verifiable Lot-State Backbone for Recycled NdFeB Permanent Magnets: the LOT-PHI research programme — falsifiable Blue-Ocean gate (P0), conceptual modelling of a seven-operator lot-state algebra, four sealed refutability cycles (R1–R4) on real data (NASA ChemCam LIBS targets, LIBS-LIMA bench shots, steel and hyperspectral sets, UN Comtrade flows), and a complete VV&UQ analysis after Thacker et al. (2004) and Roy and Oberkampf (2011). Eighteen hypotheses tested: nine corroborated, seven refuted and conserved with power analyses, two awaiting statistical power. Central result: a complete uncertainty budget for LIBS–AI quantification covering 90–99% of reference values on ten oxides, against 27–57% for the naive analytical construction; the noise law is multiplicative with long memory. 96 pages, 191 references including four sealed 30-entry corpora. Companion deposit (campaign deliverables, embargoed until 22 September 2028): doi:10.5281/zenodo.24060768.