Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Seligi (Phyllanthus buxifolius (BLUME) MULL. ARG) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

64.7% of Indonesians experience hair loss. Hair loss is a common problem affecting many people, creating a need for safe and effective hair-growth-promoting agents. Maman leaves (Cleome gynandra L.) contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which are believed to stimulate hair growth. This study aimed to formulate a hair serum containing ethanolic extract of maman leaves (Cleome gynandra L.) and evaluate its hair growth-promoting activity in male rabbits. This experimental study consisted of six treatment groups: hair serum containing ethanolic extract of maman leaves at concentrations of 4%, 8%, and 16%; a negative control; a neutral control; and a positive control (2% minoxidil). The formulated hair serum was evaluated for its physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, irritation, and hedonic tests. Hair growth activity was observed for 21 days by measuring hair length and hair weight. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. All hair serum formulations met the required physical quality standards and did not cause skin irritation. The formulation containing 16% ethanolic extract produced the highest average hair length (2.15 cm) and hair weight (0.514 g) among the formulations. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the hair serum containing the ethanolic extract of maman leaves (Cleome gynandra L.) met the required physical quality standards and demonstrated potential as a hair growth-promoting preparation. The formulation containing 16% extract produced the highest average hair growth.