Positive drift for a bi-invariant metric on a free group

Björklund asked whether the drift of a symmetric random walk on a countable group vanishes for every bi-invariant metric with finite first moment. We show that it does not. On the free group $\mathbb{F}_r$ with $r\ge3$, let $\mu$ be the uniform measure on the $2r$ generators and their inverses, and let $L(g)$ be the least number of letters that must be deleted from a word representing $g$ so that the remaining word represents the identity. Then $d(g,h)=L(g^{-1}h)$ is a bi-invariant metric, every step has length one, and the drift of the $\mu$-walk with respect to $d$ is at least $c_r>0$, where $c_r$ is the root of an explicit entropy equation; for instance $c_{32}=1/2$. The proof is a first moment bound over noncrossing matchings.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24063847
Primary Topic
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Type
preprint
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preprint

Positive drift for a bi-invariant metric on a free group

Yitzchak Shmalo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
preprint

Positive drift for a bi-invariant metric on a free group

Yitzchak Shmalo
preprint en

Abstract

Björklund asked whether the drift of a symmetric random walk on a countable group vanishes for every bi-invariant metric with finite first moment. We show that it does not. On the free group $\mathbb{F}_r$ with $r\ge3$, let $\mu$ be the uniform measure on the $2r$ generators and their inverses, and let $L(g)$ be the least number of letters that must be deleted from a word representing $g$ so that the remaining word represents the identity. Then $d(g,h)=L(g^{-1}h)$ is a bi-invariant metric, every step has length one, and the drift of the $\mu$-walk with respect to $d$ is at least $c_r>0$, where $c_r$ is the root of an explicit entropy equation; for instance $c_{32}=1/2$. The proof is a first moment bound over noncrossing matchings.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
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