Intervenções fisioterapêuticas na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso em adultos hospitalizados: revisão integrativa da literatura

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism is a relevant complication in hospital settings, particularly among patients undergoing surgical procedures or experiencing reduced mobility. In this context, physiotherapeutic interventions and physical strategies may contribute to the prevention of thromboembolic events. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on physiotherapeutic interventions and physical strategies used to prevent venous thromboembolism in hospitalized adults, considering their effectiveness, safety, and clinical applicability. Methods: This integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases between September and October 2026. Publications from 2020 to 2026 were considered, including primary and secondary studies, clinical practice guidelines, and expert consensus statements. Study selection was managed using Rayyan software, resulting in the inclusion of 12 publications. Results: The identified strategies included ankle pump exercises, early mobilization, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, intermittent pneumatic compression, and foam rolling exercises. Findings were favorable for some interventions, particularly ankle pump exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, although limitations regarding the certainty of the evidence remained. Results concerning early mobilization were inconsistent, whereas the benefits of combining intermittent pneumatic compression with rehabilitation were mainly observed in orthopedic settings. Conclusion: Physical strategies show potential as complementary preventive measures; however, the available evidence does not establish the superiority of any single intervention or support the recommendation of a universal protocol for all hospitalized patients.