Anti-inflammatory Activity of Clove Oil and Mangosteen Peel Extract on Lipopolysaccharide/UVA+UVB-induced Inflammatory Mediators and Effect on Wound Healing of HaCaT Cells

This research examined the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity of clove oil and mangosteen peel extract. The clove oil, mangosteen peel, and a combination of clove oil with mangosteen peel extract (1:1) were assessed via modulation of the production of pro-inflammatory molecules by inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α: TNF-α, prostaglandin E2: PGE2) production and the reduction of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the HaCaT cell model. Wound healing activity and cytotoxicity of clove oil and mangosteen peel extract on HaCaT cells were also evaluated. In addition, the combination of clove oil with mangosteen peel extract (1:1) inhibited the production of TNF-α (20.21 ± 0.47 pg/ml) and PGE2 (6.88 ± 0.01 pg/ml) and induced the production of IL-10 (218.44 ± 4.90 pg/ml). The percentage of wound healing (% wound closure) was evident at 48 hours. The combination of clove oil and mangosteen peel extract exhibited complete wound closure with no cytotoxicity. These results provided scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of the combined use of clove oil and mangosteen peel in reducing inflammatory processes.