Vehicle Dynamic Analysis between Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles and Electric Vehicles using Experimental Method

Vehicle dynamic performance assessment is essential for evaluating ride comfort, stability and vibration behaviour as electric vehicle (EV) and internal combustion engine (ICE) architectures continue to develop. This study compares the dynamic response of a BYD Atto 3 EV and a Proton X50 ICE vehicle under real Malaysian highway and urban road conditions using an experimental Data Acquisition (DAQ) approach. A low-cost DAQ system was developed using an Arduino UNO, ADXL345 accelerometers, a DS3231 real-time clock, a TCA9548A I2C multiplexer and an SD card logger. Accelerometers were positioned at sprung and unsprung locations to obtain vertical acceleration responses for timedomain and frequency-domain analysis. Root Mean Square (RMS) acceleration was used to evaluate ride comfort based on ISO 2631-1 interpretation, while Power Spectral Density (PSD) was used to assess road-induced vibration response. The Proton X50 generally recorded lower sprung-mass RMS acceleration, particularly on urban routes where the average RMS was approximately 0.55-0.70 m/s2 compared with 2.0-2.3 m/s2 for the BYD Atto 3. However, the BYD Atto 3 showed lower and more consistent average PSD values, indicating reduced highfrequency vibration transmission. Overall, the Proton X50 demonstrated better ride comfort in most road conditions, while the BYD Atto 3 exhibited a more stable frequency response. The developed DAQ system was shown to be a practical and economical method for objective vehicle dynamics comparison