Quantization of gravitation

Background. Energy and time are described by operators in quantum theory, but the time of the Schrödinger equation is a parameter, and the gravitational field has no operator in the same sense. This article asks whether the gravitational field can be given an operator and a wave equation within one relation between energy, time and space. Materials and methods. An external observer assigns to a system the space , the energy , the time , the mass-equivalent , the matter and the gravitational field. Newton’s law of gravitation is used to derive the Einstein form of these quantities in the dimension known. The quantities are described by operators. Results. The gravitational field follows from time. Newton’s law gives the same space compatible to Einstein's form. The gravitational field has an operator and commutation relations. The time of the Schrödinger equation is decoded. From the gravitational potential follows a wave equation for gravitation. Conclusion. In this publication, the gravitational field is quantized: it has an operator, commutation relations and a wave equation. Whether the gravitation of general relativity is thereby quantized too, is not decided by this publication.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24032084
Primary Topic
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Quantization of gravitation

Ilija Barukčić
1 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
article

Quantization of gravitation

Ilija Barukčić
article en

Abstract

Background. Energy and time are described by operators in quantum theory, but the time of the Schrödinger equation is a parameter, and the gravitational field has no operator in the same sense. This article asks whether the gravitational field can be given an operator and a wave equation within one relation between energy, time and space. Materials and methods. An external observer assigns to a system the space , the energy , the time , the mass-equivalent , the matter and the gravitational field. Newton’s law of gravitation is used to derive the Einstein form of these quantities in the dimension known. The quantities are described by operators. Results. The gravitational field follows from time. Newton’s law gives the same space compatible to Einstein's form. The gravitational field has an operator and commutation relations. The time of the Schrödinger equation is decoded. From the gravitational potential follows a wave equation for gravitation. Conclusion. In this publication, the gravitational field is quantized: it has an operator, commutation relations and a wave equation. Whether the gravitation of general relativity is thereby quantized too, is not decided by this publication.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 26%
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
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