Pengaruh Panjang Kabel terhadap Performa UART, I2C, dan SPI pada ESP32-S3 dengan Checksum XOR

Serial communication in embedded systems may experience performance degradation due to variations in cable length, requiring careful consideration of transmission speed and reliability when selecting communication protocols. This study aims to analyze the effects of cable length variations on UART, I2C, and SPI communication performance using ESP32-S3 microcontrollers, based on throughput and error rate measurements with XOR checksum verification. A quantitative experimental method with descriptive-comparative analysis was employed using two ESP32-S3 microcontrollers. Experiments were conducted with cable lengths of 10, 50, and 100 cm, transmitting 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 packets containing 16-byte payloads. The results show that UART achieved an average throughput of 4,001.71 bytes/s, while I2C achieved 2,286.71 bytes/s, both with a 0.00% error rate. SPI achieved the highest average throughput of 6,534.92 bytes/s but exhibited an average error rate of 24.33%. Increasing cable length raised the SPI error rate from 1.16% at 10 cm to 60.41% at 100 cm. Under the tested configurations, UART provided a more balanced combination of throughput and reliability, while XOR checksum verification detected packet inconsistencies without correcting transmission errors.