The Pulse Sets the Echo: At Full Strength the Pre-Echo Tracks the Pulse's Own Width, Not the Grain

Every pulse row this line has printed coupled two variables: the grain g, which sets the operator ratio τ₀/g, and the pulse width W = 5g, which sets the pulse's width in grain units. AF-26's alternate — the same dressing at both grains, the pulse width set by the other grain's scale — decouples them. This paper runs that 2×2 on AF-21/AF-26/AF-31's bench verbatim (dress S, two-point symbol, full strength w = 1, Hann pulse, 160g margin, dt = g/16, trapezoid energies), the matched rows reproducing AF-31 digit for digit as calibration (7.868703×10⁻² at τ_cell, 6.981292×10⁻¹ at τ_b) before the cross rows are read. The cross rows: at grain τ_cell, a pulse spanning τ_b inside one cell (W/g = 0.6458) returns E_early = 5.280529×10⁻¹ — ×6.71 against its own grain's matched row, ×0.756 of the other grain's; at grain τ_b, a pulse spanning τ_cell across 38.71 cells returns E_early = 7.956461×10⁻² — ×0.114 against its own grain's matched row, ×1.011 of the other grain's. The reading rule was declared before the numbers were read, and the table meets the pulse-driver clause at both rows. One further print is not small: the inside-one-cell row's late energy is 8.64×10⁻², against the 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁸ floor of every matched row — a pulse narrower than the cell is not merely anticipated, it is not even returned one-sidedly; the dress spills it past its own trailing edge. AF-31's F3 (the non-uniform grain) is carried armed beside this result, unexecuted, at its pre-registered pass.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026908
Primary Topic
Digital Filter Design and Implementation
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Pulse Sets the Echo: At Full Strength the Pre-Echo Tracks the Pulse's Own Width, Not the Grain

William Alexander Aldred
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Digital Filter Design and Implementation
preprint

The Pulse Sets the Echo: At Full Strength the Pre-Echo Tracks the Pulse's Own Width, Not the Grain

William Alexander Aldred
preprint en

Abstract

Every pulse row this line has printed coupled two variables: the grain g, which sets the operator ratio τ₀/g, and the pulse width W = 5g, which sets the pulse's width in grain units. AF-26's alternate — the same dressing at both grains, the pulse width set by the other grain's scale — decouples them. This paper runs that 2×2 on AF-21/AF-26/AF-31's bench verbatim (dress S, two-point symbol, full strength w = 1, Hann pulse, 160g margin, dt = g/16, trapezoid energies), the matched rows reproducing AF-31 digit for digit as calibration (7.868703×10⁻² at τ_cell, 6.981292×10⁻¹ at τ_b) before the cross rows are read. The cross rows: at grain τ_cell, a pulse spanning τ_b inside one cell (W/g = 0.6458) returns E_early = 5.280529×10⁻¹ — ×6.71 against its own grain's matched row, ×0.756 of the other grain's; at grain τ_b, a pulse spanning τ_cell across 38.71 cells returns E_early = 7.956461×10⁻² — ×0.114 against its own grain's matched row, ×1.011 of the other grain's. The reading rule was declared before the numbers were read, and the table meets the pulse-driver clause at both rows. One further print is not small: the inside-one-cell row's late energy is 8.64×10⁻², against the 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁸ floor of every matched row — a pulse narrower than the cell is not merely anticipated, it is not even returned one-sidedly; the dress spills it past its own trailing edge. AF-31's F3 (the non-uniform grain) is carried armed beside this result, unexecuted, at its pre-registered pass.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Digital Filter Design and Implementation
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