Process and cost implications of HBIM in project management: A comparative study of projects in Türkiye and international contexts

The documentation, conservation, and sustainable management of cultural heritage buildings are increasingly addressed through digital technologies. In this context, Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) provides a strategic approach that supports not only the geometric representation of historic structures but also the integrated management of project processes in terms of time and cost. This study aims to evaluate HBIM applications from a project management perspective, focusing on their effects on schedule and cost efficiency. The research is based on a comparative analysis of 20 HBIM projects conducted in Türkiye and abroad, examining data acquisition methods, software usage, modelling workflows, and project durations. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, and data were obtained from academic journal articles and postgraduate theses using content analysis and comparative evaluation. The findings indicate that HBIM significantly improves project efficiency by supporting time and cost control while strengthening data integrity and coordination among stakeholders. Accordingly, the study emphasizes that HBIM should be considered not only as a digital documentation method but also as an effective project management tool in cultural heritage projects.