Gender Norms and Women's Entry into the Boda-Boda Industry in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania

Gender norms influence the occupations women consider accessible, socially acceptable, and compatible with their family responsibilities. In Tanzania, commercial motorcycle transportation, commonly known as the boda-boda industry, offers livelihood opportunities but is widely associated with male participation. This article examines how prevailing gender norms shape women’s decisions to enter and engage in the boda-boda industry in Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam Region. It draws on qualitative data from a case study conducted in Kariakoo Ward between July and August 2026. The study involved 16 participants, comprising 12 women boda-boda riders and four key informants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews and analysed thematically. Four themes emerged: traditional gender stereotypes and occupational choices, family influence, cultural expectations concerning femininity, and women’s resilience in challenging gender norms. Participants described being questioned about their occupational choices, experiencing family opposition, and managing domestic responsibilities alongside motorcycle riding. Other accounts demonstrated that women continued working despite criticism and doubts about their capabilities. The findings indicate that gender norms influence occupational decisions through social expectations and family relationships, but do not entirely determine women’s choices. The article recommends gender-sensitive training, community awareness, family engagement, and more inclusive occupational support.