A systematic search for long GRBs without supernovae: global properties and rate of events — E8 Intelligence Research

Some long duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are not associated with bright supernovae (SNe), indicating that their explosion mechanism differs from the traditional collapsar channel. SN-less LGRBs are rare, thus it remains unclear whether they are sporadic outliers or a substantial component of the GRB population. In this work, we use two decades of Swift observations to conduct a systematic search for nearby ($z\lesssim$0.35) LGRBs without a confirmed SN association. Our analysis reveals a heterogeneous population linked, in part, to star-forming or dusty environments and, in part, to quiescent galaxies. Through the analysis of their high-energy properties, afterglows, and environments, we identify a sample of LGRBs with robust SN limits and distance scales, more than doubling the number of candidate SN-less events. From our fiducial sample, we derive a volumetric rate, not corrected for beaming, of $R = (0.5 \pm 0.2) {\rm~Gpc^{-3}\ yr^{-1}}$, comparable to the apparent rate of short Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com