MODERN APPROACHES TO STUDYING THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article examines contemporary approaches to the study of the syntactic system of Russian. It outlines the shift from predominantly structural descriptions of sentences towards multidimensional analysis that takes semantics, information structure, discourse, cognitive mechanisms and authentic language data into account. Structural, functional-communicative, cognitive, constructionist, corpus-based and computational approaches are compared. Particular attention is paid to Russian language corpora, syntactic annotation and digital tools for investigating word order, valency, government, ellipsis and constructional variation. The article argues for an integrative model in which syntactic form is studied in relation to meaning, communicative function and context of use. The final section discusses how contemporary approaches can inform Russian language teaching in multilingual classrooms.