EMERGING HERBAL STRATEGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERPIGMENTATION : COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterized by excessive melanin production, resulting in melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Conventional treatments, including hydroquinone, retinoids, and chemical peels, may cause irritation, adverse effects, and recurrence, encouraging interest in herbal alternatives. This review explores medicinal plants and their bioactive phytoconstituents for hyperpigmentation management, focusing on their mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and formulation challenges. Herbal agents such as licorice, turmeric, Aloe vera, mulberry, amla, and ginseng demonstrate promising activities through tyrosinase inhibition, regulation of melanogenesis, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, poor solubility, instability, limited skin penetration, and low bioavailability may restrict their effectiveness. Emerging drug-delivery systems, including liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulgels, hydrogels, and dissolving microneedles, offer potential approaches to improve stability and topical delivery. Although preliminary findings are encouraging, evidence for several herbal formulations remains limited, particularly regarding long-term safety and clinical effectiveness. Standardized extracts, optimized formulations, and well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish their therapeutic value. Herbal strategies therefore represent a promising research direction for developing safe, effective, and evidence-based approaches to hyperpigmentation management.