COGNITIVE MODELS OF PARENTHETICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES

This article examines the cognitive models of parenthetical units in English and Karakalpak, focusing on their role in expressing subjectivity, certainty, evaluation, inference, and interpersonal attitudes. From a cognitive linguistic perspective, parenthetical units are analyzed as linguistic means of representing the speaker's knowledge, beliefs, emotions, and interpretations of reality. Particular attention is given to the semantic and pragmatic functions of English parenthetical expressions and their Karakalpak equivalents. The study identifies major cognitive models and highlights the importance of contextual analysis in establishing the functions of parenthetical units in both languages.