Diagnostic Efficacy of White Side Test and Endometrial Cytology for Detection of Endometritis in Repeat Breeding Mehsana Buffaloes of Banaskantha District, Gujarat

This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the Whiteside test and endometrial cytology for detecting endometritis in repeat-breeding Mehsana buffaloes. A total of 112 repeat-breeding Mehsana buffaloes from Banaskantha District, Gujarat, were screened for endometritis during estrus. Cervico-vaginal mucus samples were tested using the Whiteside test, and endometrial cytological samples were collected with a cytobrush and stained with Field's stain. Buffaloes with ≥8% polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in endometrial cytology were considered positive for endometritis. The Whiteside test detected endometritis in 26 of 112 buffaloes (23.21%), whereas endometrial cytology identified 35 positive cases (31.25%). The relative diagnostic efficacy of the Whiteside test was 74.28% compared with endometrial cytology. Among WST-positive buffaloes, 42.31% exhibited mild, 34.61% moderate, and 23.08% severe endometritis. The mean PMN percentage was significantly higher (p<0.05) in buffaloes with endometritis (11.04±2.13%) than in healthy buffaloes (2.50±1.65%). Endometrial cytology detected more subclinical endometritis cases than the Whiteside test. Endometrial cytology technique proved to be a more sensitive and reliable method for detecting subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding Mehsana buffaloes, whereas the White side test served as a rapid, economical, and practical field screening tool. The combined application of both techniques can facilitate early diagnosis and improve reproductive management under field conditions.