From Fragmented Redistribution to Integrated Social Finance: Zakat Data Governance in Indonesia

This study examines how the integration of welfare registries and Islamic social finance is governed when eligibility and institutional mandates differ. A qualitative documentary case reconstructs Indonesia’s 2025–2026 National Social and Economic Single Data (DTSEN) reforms, Ministerial Decision No. 885/2026, and the Satu Data ZIS-DSKL initiative. Statutes, operative legal texts, dated institutional communications, and relevant research were analysed through chronological reconstruction, source classification, thematic coding, and rival-explanation assessment. The June 2026 decision establishes data-sharing procedures, institutional responsibilities, controlled SIMZAT access, beneficiary reporting, and periodic matching and evaluation requirements. However, an April institutional account described unsettled data transmission and the absence of a religion field in the underlying register. Formal regulations and the August platform launch do not independently demonstrate accurate matching, lawful processing in practice, improved allocation, or reduced poverty. The study proposes a bounded-interoperability framework comprising lawful purpose, differentiated eligibility, complementary programme decisions, and contestable data use. It contributes a verifiable institutional account of the zakat–welfare data interface while identifying the operational and beneficiary-level evidence needed for a subsequent evaluation.