Geometry Instead of Substance: Why the Universe Expands Without Dark Energy

This article explains the geometric approach to explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe in simple terms. By modeling spacetime through metrics with negative curvature, we demonstrate that cosmic expansion can be interpreted as a natural intrinsic property of spatial geometry rather than the result of an external pushing substance. Clarification: the idea of explaining cosmology through the geometry of space is an existing direction in theoretical physics, not my personal discovery. In this article, my task is to translate a complex concept into a simple, straightforward, visual language and show it through understandable physical analogies.