RAFT-ports: an application for risk assessment for tsunamis in ports demonstrated at Tanjung Gerem Port, Indonesia

Abstract The development of tsunami fragility curves and vulnerability functions has expanded in recent years, including those specifically for port environments. Given the importance of ports in global trade and supply chains, there is a need for operational tools that can support the assessment of potential tsunami impacts on port structures. In this study, we contribute to bridging the gap between published tsunami fragility curves and vulnerability functions and their practical application through the development of RAFT–Ports (Risk Assessment For Tsunamis in Ports). RAFT–Ports is an open-source, user-friendly application that applies fragility and vulnerability functions developed for port structures to estimate structural-damage exceedance probabilities, expected physical loss, and production-capacity recovery probabilities for specified tsunami scenarios. Its output is a report for scenario-based tsunami impact assessment, summarising damage, loss, and recovery metrics through inundation maps, bar charts, summary tables, and the complete set of raw analysis files. It is designed to be adaptable, allowing users to modify fragility-curve and vulnerability-function values as new empirical data become available. We demonstrate its functionality through a case study at Tanjung Gerem Port, Indonesia, using hypothetical M w 8.9, M w 8.7, and M w 8.5 earthquake scenarios along the Sunda Megathrust. This work contributes to technology transfer between scientific research and end users by showing how fragility-curve and vulnerability-function data can be transformed into actionable assessments of tsunami impacts that can support risk-informed mitigation, preparedness, and recovery strategies.