Altitudinal variation in the essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum L. aerial parts cultivated in two states of India

The current research aims to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ) essential oils extracted from the two States of India by hydro-distillation. The fresh aerial parts collected from the cultivated fields of Mangoli (Uttarakhand, UK) and Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh, UP) were followed by hydrodistilation, analysis through GC and GC–MS to determine and quantify the essential oil compounds. The comparison showed that there were phytochemical variations between the samples. UK coriander oil had 23 identified compounds with a preponderance of n -tetradecanol, (2 E )-decenal, and (2 E )-dodecanal, whereas UP coriander oil had thirty-two identified constituents which had n -decanal in dominance along with (2 E )-decenal, cyclooctanol, (2 E )-dodecanal and n -decanol. These results lead to the picture of the phytochemical diversity of Indian coriander and enable further usage of region-specific chemotypes as a potential source of bioactivity and market utility. This study presents the first GC-MS characterization of C. sativum aerial parts essential oil from Uttar Pradesh and compares its volatile composition with Uttarakhand populations and its potential significance for cultivation, quality evaluation, and future chemotype-based studies.