Pemanfaatan Serbuk Keramik sebagai Substitusi Semen pada Paving Block Porous

Porous paving block is a pavement material with a porous structure that allows water to pass through the pavement surface. The use of alternative materials derived from waste is one effort to reduce the use of conventional materials while increasing the utilization of construction waste. This study analyzes the effect of partial cement substitution with ceramic waste powder on the compressive strength, water absorption, and permeability of porous paving blocks. Substitution variations of 0%, 8%, 10%, and 12% were tested using 60 specimens. Compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, and 28 days, while water absorption and permeability were measured at 28 days. The average compressive strengths at 28 days were 9.71, 10.08, 8.68, and 8.16 MPa, respectively. Water absorption increased from 3.555% to 6.125%, while the reported permeability values were 0.744, 0.700, 0.829, and 0.873 cm/s, respectively. The 8% substitution produced the highest compressive strength, increasing by 3.81% compared with the control mixture, while the 12% substitution produced the highest permeability. The results indicate a trade-off between mechanical and hydraulic performance. These findings indicate that the use of ceramic waste powder produces different responses in the mechanical and hydraulic parameters of porous paving blocks. Increasing the substitution level tends to improve permeability, but at certain levels causes a decrease in compressive strength. This study provides initial information on the utilization of ceramic waste powder as a partial cement substitution material in porous paving blocks. The permeability values follow the source table, with the logarithmic calculation basis still requiring verification.