Modulatory Effects of Tinospora cordifolia Supplementation on Haematological and Biochemical Indices in Periparturient Crossbred Cows

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Tinospora cordifolia stem powder on the haematological and biochemical indices of periparturient crossbred cows. Twelve clinically healthy advanced pregnant crossbred (HF × K) cows were randomly allocated into two groups (n=6 each). The control group received the routine farm ration, whereas the treatment group received Tinospora cordifolia stem powder at 6% of the total concentrate mixture in addition to the routine farm ration, from 30 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals on days -30, -20, -10, -5 prepartum, on the day of calving (day 0) and days +5, +10, +20 and +30 postpartum for haematological and biochemical analyses. In the treatment group, supplementation significantly (p<0.05) improved erythrocytic indices, including total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume and enhanced leukocyte responses, particularly total leukocyte count and lymphocyte percentage, indicating improved immune competence. Biochemically, treatment group exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower blood glucose and non‑esterified fatty acid concentrations, suggesting improved metabolic adaptation and energy balance. Furthermore, serum total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group, whereas globulin concentration remained comparable between two groups. These findings demonstrate that dietary Tinospora cordifolia supplementation may promote haematological stability, metabolic homeostasis and immune function, highlighting its potential as a natural phytogenic feed supplement for improving the health and physiological status of periparturient dairy cows.