Construcción 4.0 en Economías Emergentes: Revisión de la Literatura sobre Tecnologías, Madurez, Barreras y Factores Impulsores

Justification: The transition to Construction 4.0 (C4.0) faces fragmented theoretical frameworks, limited maturity assessment tools and scarce validated knowledge in emerging economies. Objective: To synthesise technology adoption, maturity, barriers and drivers of C4.0, identify gaps in emerging economies and derive a conceptual architecture for a management model. Methodology: A literature review (2020–2026; ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar and Crossref) was conducted, using defined eligibility criteria; 694 unique records were gathered in 2024 and 1,420 in 2026, with 296 and 346 candidates after rule-based screening, with narrative synthesis and exploratory co-occurrence analysis (VOSviewer). Results: A portfolio of 16 technologies was mapped into four interdependence layers and five maturity references were compared; the sector model SMCeMM was the most coherent for construction, although its validity is only conceptual. Barriers and drivers were characterised and, within the analysed corpus, four gaps were identified: leadership-oriented adoption frameworks, competence development, validated quantitative diagnostic instruments and studies in emerging economies. Conclusion: A six-dimension enabling architecture articulated by a Leadership and Strategy core was proposed as a conceptual proposal derived from the literature and subject to empirical validation.