Social determinants of postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi: findings from the maternal and infant health monitoring system

PURPOSE: Maternal mental health is central to the well-being of women, infants, and families. However, data on postpartum mental health among the diverse, multinational population of mothers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains limited. METHODS: The study data was from the Maternal and Infant Health Monitoring System (2023-2024; N = 1,751). Postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) and postpartum anxiety symptoms (PAS) were assessed using adapted versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), respectively. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were applied to examine the effects of demographic characteristics, financial stressors, and prior abusive experience on the frequency of PDS and PAS. RESULTS: The positive screening rate of PDS was 24.8%, based on the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) definition. Younger age (< 25y), higher education level (university level or above), unemployment, and a prior diagnosis of mental illness were associated with greater frequency of both PDS and PAS. Physical or non-physical abuse experienced before or after childbirth was also associated with greater PDS and PAS frequency. Reporting one or more financial stressors was associated with a higher frequency of PDS. CONCLUSION: Postpartum depressive symptoms were common among mothers in Abu Dhabi. Financial hardship and exposure to abuse were key social determinants of postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms. Tailored financial aid and counselling services focused on healthy relationships represent possible support measures for women at elevated risk; however, their effectiveness in reducing postpartum mental health symptoms requires prospective evaluation.