Do financial technologies contribute to improving universal health coverage? A spatial analysis of WAEMU countries

Abstract Context In developing countries, digital financial services are emerging as essential levers for addressing low health coverage and regional disparities. This study analyzes the contribution of the adoption of financial technologies (Fintech) to universal health coverage (UHC) in the WAEMU zone. Methods The study uses spatial econometrics and examines data from 2011 to 2021 from the World Bank, the BCEAO, and the WHO. A spatial Durbin model (SDM) was used to capture direct and indirect spatial spillover effects between member countries after detecting spatial autocorrelation. Results The results show that Financial Technology (Fintech) has significant spatial effects, strengthening universal health coverage through technology diffusion and reduced transaction costs. The estimated direct, indirect and total effects of Fintech are respectively 0.022, 0.011 and 0.033, suggesting that Fintech adoption is associated with both within-country and cross-border spatial effects. Conclusions To leverage digital services for healthcare development, WAEMU authorities must prioritize digital infrastructure and strengthen the quality of institutions through robust regulatory frameworks. This regional integration of financial technologies represents a model for improving healthcare in emerging markets, driven by globalization.