Legal Challenges of Electronic Contracts and Their Legal Repercussions: A Comparative Study with Reference to Omani Law

This research examines the legal challenges surrounding electronic contracts and their legal repercussions, with particular reference to Omani law. It explores the development of electronic transactions in the Sultanate of Oman, focusing on the introduction of the new Electronic Transactions Law under Royal Decree 39/2025 and its comparison with the former legislation (Royal Decree 69/2008). The research addresses key aspects of electronic contracting, including contract formation, the dispatch and receipt of electronic messages, legal validity and enforceability, and the introduction of digital identity and authentication mechanisms. Furthermore, it examines the legal implications of cybercrimes affecting electronic transactions, including identity theft, fraud, hacking, and digital forgery. It also considers the criminal penalties and civil liability associated with the misuse of electronic systems, drawing comparisons with other legal frameworks, particularly the United Arab Emirates and European legislation. Ultimately, this research evaluates the effectiveness of Oman's evolving legislative framework in regulating electronic contracts, identifying its key developments, remaining challenges, and potential areas for further legal improvement.