3D-printed integrated wearable devices with wireless charging batteries and sensors for multimodal physiological monitoring

Abstract Wearable electronics require mechanically compliant, highly-integrated platforms that combine multiple functional modules to achieve continuous physiological monitoring. However, existing systems remain constrained by wired or unstable power delivery and insufficient system-level integration, leading to poor functional reliability and wearability. Here, we report a self-contained wearable device that integrates wireless charging batteries and multimodal sensors within a single flexible platform. Each functional module is structurally engineered through customized geometry designs and realized using multimaterial direct-ink-writing 3D printing, enabling high performance together with seamless structural and electrical interconnections. The integrated system consists of a rectangular wireless charging coil for efficient energy harvesting, serpentine battery electrodes for flexible energy storage, and a Hilbert-serpentine temperature sensor combined with an interdigital pressure sensor for accurate physiological signal detection. The resulting device is self-contained and skin-conformal, demonstrating real-time monitoring during daily activities, vigorous exercise, and febrile conditions. This study establishes a generalizable architecture for self-contained wearable electronics, offering a pathway toward next-generation intelligent and autonomous wearable electronics.