Capacity optimisation configuration of air–electricity–hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems incorporating advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage

To improve the utilisation rate of new energy sources and establish a new type of power system centred on renewable energy, this paper designs a capacity optimisation scheme for a hybrid energy storage system that integrates advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage, electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage. This study employed K-means clustering combined with the cumulative median selection method to identify representative operational scenarios. A battery capacity degradation model accounting for cycle life and an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system model were established, whilst incorporating mechanisms for green hydrogen production and revenue from hydrogen sales. A capacity optimisation model for the hybrid energy storage system was developed, with maximum daily comprehensive net revenue as the objective function, and a coordinated operation strategy for renewable energy and the multi-storage system was formulated. Case studies utilising wind power, photovoltaic and load data from north-western China validated the reliability and economic feasibility of the proposed system. Furthermore, the impact of different hydrogen transmission capacities and various energy storage operation strategies on system capacity allocation was quantitatively assessed.