Cryptographic Foundations for Democratic Reform in India: A Verifiable Framework from Voter Roll to Recall

India's democracy is exercised largely on polling day; between elections, citizens have few verifiable means to check who is on the voter roll, who stands for office, how parties conduct themselves, or how representatives perform. Building on the author's Digital Sovereignty & Accountability Protocol (DSAP, 2026) and Public Representatives Accountability Charter, this paper proposes a four-layer framework that grounds democratic reform in cryptographic verifiability. Eight components span the democratic cycle from voter roll to recall: Aadhaar-assisted voter identity with privacy-preserving deduplication; signed, chain-of-trust citizenship attestation; conduct-based party accountability; candidate affidavits verified against court records; a dual ballot in which voters rank their party's leadership slate and so fix the order of succession; a ledger that assigns by-election costs to those who cause them; anonymous yet verifiable recall petitions; and end-to-end verifiable voting. The central observation is that six of these components require integrity but not secrecy, and can therefore be deployed under current law at low risk, while voting and recall, which demand secrecy and coercion resistance, are introduced only after audited pilots. For each component the paper states the required security property, an established cryptographic technique, the present legal position, and the change needed. The contribution to cryptology is to translate a broad governance agenda into explicit, testable security requirements, showing that verifiability rather than encryption alone is what makes digital democracy trustworthy. The framework is conceptual; implementation and field evaluation are left for future work.