Cross-cultural adaptation of the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) into Indonesian

Introduction Caregiver feeding styles are relevant to children’s eating behaviors, yet their assessment requires instruments with adequate psychometric performance across cultural contexts. Although the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) has been used in Indonesian studies, its cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties have not been comprehensively evaluated in the Indonesian population. This study aimed to culturally adapt the CFSQ into Indonesian and evaluate its psychometric properties using Rasch analysis. Methods A cross-sectional psychometric study was conducted among 210 mothers of children ged 3–5 years in West Java, Indonesia. Cross-cultural adaptation followed the International Test Commission guidelines and included forward–backward translation, expert-based content validation, and cognitive interviews with target respondents. The Indonesian CFSQ was evaluated using the Rasch Rating Scale Model, including examination of item fit, rating-scale functioning, person–item targeting, and measurement reliability. Results Items generally showed acceptable fit to the Rasch model, with high item reliability for both item sets. Demandingness demonstrated stronger person-level measurement performance than Responsiveness, with higher person reliability (0.81 vs. 0.67) and person separation (2.10 vs. 1.42). Responsiveness showed more limited targeting at higher trait levels, including a substantial item gap and one relatively difficult item related to food decoration. Rating-scale functioning was generally adequate, although threshold disordering was observed between adjacent response categories in the Demandingness item set. Discussion Overall, the Indonesian CFSQ demonstrated acceptable psychometric performance, with stronger measurement performance for Demandingness than for Responsiveness. The findings support its potential use in research on caregiver feeding styles among populations similar to the present West Java sample, while Responsiveness should be interpreted with greater caution and may benefit from further refinement and validation in more diverse Indonesian populations.