Integrality and Modular Congruences for Self-Referential Exponential Series

Two classes of self-referential exponential power series, originally specified by Paul D. Hanna in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), are investigated by integral bivariate series and coefficientwise congruences. A multivariate Dieudonné--Dwork argument shows that a family whose defining exponent involves $q^n+rA(x)$ has integer coefficients for every pair of integers $q,r\in\mathbb{Z}$. In particular, this resolves, at the level of formal power series, the stated all-integer-parameter integrality conjecture associated with OEIS A163138. We also prove a uniform congruence modulo $4$ between positive and negative feedback, a signed-source congruence, explicit dyadic congruence formulas modulo $4$, and a congruence theorem modulo $8$ for the even coefficients when $q\equiv 2\pmod{4}$ and $r$ is odd. Eight integer sequences are treated as specializations. Exact calculations and separately reproducible examples illustrate, but do not replace, the all-degree proofs. Licensing note: The manuscript is licensed under CC BY 4.0. The OEIS b-file snapshots included in the supplementary archive retain their original CC BY-SA 4.0 license and attribution. The independently authored verification code is made available under CC BY 4.0.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24013713
Primary Topic
Advanced Mathematical Identities
Type
preprint
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preprint

Integrality and Modular Congruences for Self-Referential Exponential Series

Lien-Hung Su
4 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Mathematical Identities
preprint

Integrality and Modular Congruences for Self-Referential Exponential Series

Lien-Hung Su
preprint en

Abstract

Two classes of self-referential exponential power series, originally specified by Paul D. Hanna in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), are investigated by integral bivariate series and coefficientwise congruences. A multivariate Dieudonné--Dwork argument shows that a family whose defining exponent involves $q^n+rA(x)$ has integer coefficients for every pair of integers $q,r\in\mathbb{Z}$. In particular, this resolves, at the level of formal power series, the stated all-integer-parameter integrality conjecture associated with OEIS A163138. We also prove a uniform congruence modulo $4$ between positive and negative feedback, a signed-source congruence, explicit dyadic congruence formulas modulo $4$, and a congruence theorem modulo $8$ for the even coefficients when $q\equiv 2\pmod{4}$ and $r$ is odd. Eight integer sequences are treated as specializations. Exact calculations and separately reproducible examples illustrate, but do not replace, the all-degree proofs. Licensing note: The manuscript is licensed under CC BY 4.0. The OEIS b-file snapshots included in the supplementary archive retain their original CC BY-SA 4.0 license and attribution. The independently authored verification code is made available under CC BY 4.0.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (TW)
Advanced Mathematical Identities
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