A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Potential of Zingiber Zerumbet

Zingiber zerumbet commonly known as shampoo ginger or bitter ginger, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. It has attracted considerable scientific interest because of its traditional medicinal uses and diverse phytochemical constituents. The rhizomes contain several bioactive compounds, particularly zerumbone, a sesquiterpene with promising pharmacological properties. Other constituents, including essential oils, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, may also contribute to its biological activities. This comprehensive review focuses on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and clinical potential of Zingiber zerumbet. Reported studies have investigated its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and analgesic properties. Zerumbone has received particular attention for its potential effects on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cancer-related cellular processes. The plant is also traditionally used for various health conditions, supporting continued research into its medicinal applications. Despite these promising findings, most evidence comes from laboratory and preclinical studies, and further research is required to establish its safety, effective dosage, pharmacokinetic profile, and therapeutic efficacy in humans. Overall, Zingiber zerumbet represents a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutical and healthcare research. However, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm its therapeutic benefits and support its development as a safe and effective medicinal agent.