Climate Migration Scientific Research: Evolution, Definitions and Key Concepts and Classification Approaches

Climate migration is a growingly significant subject of academic research in the context of the global transformation toward sustainability. This study examines climate migration as an interdisciplinary phenomenon, the research of which requires a combination of climatological, economic, sociological, demographic, and institutional approaches. The study aims to systematically establish climate migration as a scientific object by analysing its historical evolution, conceptual apparatus, debates regarding definitions and key concepts, and classification approaches. The central thesis defended is that climate migration is not an automatic consequence of climate change but a context-dependent form of human mobility born of the interaction between climate impacts, socio‑economic vulnerability, adaptive capacity, institutional environment, and individual or household adaptation strategies. The analysis relies on a systematic review of the scientific literature, structured according to the PRISMA logic, which traces the research topic from its emergence around 1985 and summarises the historical, conceptual, and classification framework upon which subsequent methodological and nationally oriented analysis can be built.