Relative Determinism: A Formal Framework of Computational Asymmetry, Phase Transitions, and System Dynamics

This paper establishes a formal framework of relative determinism, demonstrating that determinism is not an intrinsic property of objective reality, but a relational variable governed by the ratio of computational capacities between an avant-garde agent and a lagging observer. Utilizing set-theoretic cardinality bounds, differential dynamics of capacity growth, and formal verification in Lean 4, we analyze entropy reduction at the continuum boundary and classify system behavior at bifurcation points into cyclical leadership inversion and topological branching.