Combating drug-resistant Aeromonas veronii : Multiomics revealed the antibacterial mechanism of resveratrol

Aeromonas , widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems, is a prevalent fish pathogen and can cause human infections via contaminated aquatic products, polluted water contact, or tainted food consumption. Escalating antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas strains highlights an urgent need for alternative natural antimicrobial agents. This study investigated resveratrol’s antibacterial mechanisms against Aeromonas veronii and evaluated its protective efficacy in hybrid sturgeon. Resveratrol exhibited strong activity [minimum inhibitory concentration: 128 microgram per milliliter (μg/ml), minimum bactericidal concentration: 256 μg/ml], disrupting cell wall/membrane integrity, inducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, inhibiting adenosine 5′-triphosphate synthesis, and down-regulating key metabolic pathways via transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. In the sturgeon infection model, resveratrol-nanoemulsion notably improved survival, reduced tissue bacterial loads, mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation, and restored intestinal barrier function. These findings confirm resveratrol as a promising antibiotic alternative against A. veronii , with nanoemulsion formulation enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.