The Influence of Changes in Land Use on the Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) as an Indicator of Climate Change in Bugesera District

In this comprehensive study, researcher investigate the complex interplay between land use changes, vegetation health as measured by NDVI, and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the Bugesera District from 2019 to 2022 using Google Earth Engine. The introduction sets the context by highlighting the environmental significance of understanding this relationship in a region marked by rapid urbanization and shifting land use patterns. A thorough literature review underscores the global relevance of this topic, discussing the impact of urban development, transportation, and industrialization on both vegetation health and air quality. The methodology section outlines data collection methods and analytical techniques, emphasizing the use of remote sensing technology and GIS for spatial analysis accompanied by Machine Learning in Google Earth Engine. The results demonstrate a clear inverse correlation between NDVI and CO concentration, particularly in areas with high urbanization and infrastructural development, validating the negative impact of human activities on vegetation and air quality. The discussion delves into the implications of these findings, emphasizing the need for sustainable urban planning and environmental conservation efforts. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the study's significance, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and urban planners to promote healthier, more resilient ecosystems and improved air quality in the Bugesera District and similar rapidly evolving regions.