Turkish adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the entrepreneurship scale for nursing students

To adapt to changing healthcare conditions and develop innovative solutions, nurses need entrepreneurial skills. Assessing the entrepreneurship levels of nursing students is important for informing educational programs and supporting research in nursing education. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt the Entrepreneurship Scale for Nursing Students into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. This methodological study was conducted with 300 nursing students at a state university between October and December 2025. The 25-item Entrepreneurship Scale for Nursing Students was adapted into Turkish through forward translation, back translation, expert panel review, and pilot testing to ensure linguistic and cultural appropriateness. Content validity was evaluated by five experts, and item-level and scale-level content validity indices (I-CVI and S-CVI) were calculated. Construct validity was examined using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the original 25-item, four-factor model. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, corrected item–total correlations, and test–retest analysis. The I-CVI values ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the S-CVI was 0.98. The KMO value was 0.945, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (χ²=4000.349, p < 0.001). CFA indicated an acceptable fit of the original 25-item, four-factor model, with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.430 to 0.770 (χ²/df = 2.88, RMSEA = 0.078, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.057, and RMR = 0.036). The total-scale Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.943 and McDonald’s omega was 0.942, although the Risk Acceptance subscale showed comparatively lower internal consistency (α = 0.615, ω = 0.615). The test–retest ICC for the total scale was 0.972. Convergent and discriminant validity were not fully supported, as AVE values were below 0.50 and the Fornell–Larcker criterion was not fully satisfied. The Turkish version of the Entrepreneurship Scale for Nursing Students demonstrated promising psychometric properties and an acceptable fit to the original four-factor model in the present sample. However, the lower reliability of the Risk Acceptance subscale and limitations in convergent and discriminant validity warrant cautious interpretation. Further validation in larger, multicentre, and more diverse nursing student populations is recommended before broader application.