Gravitational Pressure Unified Mechanism of Thermal Motion and Phase Transition

Abstract Classical thermodynamics describes thermal motion as the random oscillation of molecules, while standard particle physics divides natural interactions into four independent fundamental forces, leaving thermal phenomena and microscopic binding mechanisms fundamentally disconnected at their origin. Based on the FQ Unified Field Theory of graviton fluid occlusion pressure, this paper proposes that microscopic binding, thermal perturbation, and solid–liquid–gas phase transitions share a common origin: the occlusion pressure gradient of the graviton fluid at different spatial scales. Taking the effective occlusion cross-sectional area as the core physical quantity and retaining the original mathematical framework of the FQ system, this paper constructs hypothetical mathematical expressions for the local gravitational pressure binding force and the hierarchical debinding energy, and intrinsically distinguishes the debinding energy levels of the nuclear scale, the chemical bond scale, the molecular cluster scale, and the macroscopic celestial scale. Within this framework, temperature is not directly equivalent to the average kinetic energy of molecules, but a statistical characterization of the fluctuation variance of local graviton fluid perturbation pressure; the physical essence of phase transitions and chemical reactions is a debinding process in which thermal perturbation pressure breaks through the gravitational pressure binding threshold of the corresponding scale. Using a fluid perturbation diffusion analogy, the unidirectionality of the second law of thermodynamics is reconstructed from the underlying perspective, and it is clarified that ordinary heating only triggers the weak-binding phase transitions of molecular clusters, whereas chemical reactions and nuclear reactions require breaking higher-level binding potential energy barriers. This work completes the theoretical component of the FQ Unified Field Theory in the field of thermodynamics and achieves a self-consistent unification of microscopic mechanics and thermodynamics. This is a theoretical physics preprint within the FQ Unified Field Theory series. All mathematical expressions presented are hypothetical formalizations awaiting experimental calibration; the fluid diffusion equation is an analogy and is not equivalent to the Navier–Stokes equations of ordinary macroscopic fluids. It aims to provide a deterministic fluid mechanics perspective for thermodynamics and phase transition physics. 摘要 经典热力学将热运动描述为分子无规则热震荡,标准粒子物理将自然界划分为四种相互独立的基本作用力,造成热现象与微观束缚机制在本源上长期割裂。本文基于FQ引力子流体遮挡压差统一场论,提出微观束缚、热扰动、固-液-气相变的共同本源,是不同空间尺度下引力子流体的遮挡压差梯度。 本文以有效遮挡截面积作为核心物理量,保留FQ体系原有数学内涵,构建局域引力压差束缚力与层级解绑能量的假说性数学表达,内生区分核尺度、化学键尺度、分子集群尺度、宏观天体尺度的解绑能级差异。 在本理论框架下,温度不直接等价于分子平均动能,而是引力子流体局部扰动压差涨落的统计表征;相变、化学反应的物理实质,是热扰动压差突破对应层级引力压束缚阈值的解绑过程。借助流体扰动扩散类比模型,从底层视角重构热力学第二定律的单向性;清晰界定普通加热仅触发分子集群弱束缚相变,而化学反应、核反应需要突破更高层级束缚势能的能级鸿沟。 本工作补齐FQ统一场论在热力学板块的理论拼图,实现微观力学与热学的自洽统一。 本文全部数学方程为本理论框架下的假说形式化模型,框架内耦合常数尚未经实验标定;流体扩散方程为引力子流体行为的类比,不等同于普通宏观流体 Navier–Stokes 方程。本文旨在为热力学与相变物理提供一种确定性的流体力学视角。