Wives' Career Rights in Islamic Jurisprudence and Indonesian Family Law: A Doctrinal Reappraisal of Marital Partnership

This doctrinal study reassesses wives’ career rights by distinguishing divine revelation, juristic interpretation, and Indonesian positive family law. It analyzes scriptural recognition of women’s earnings, the classical concepts of maintenance and marital availability, and the relationship between the Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law. The study finds that employment by a wife does not, without additional findings, establish marital disobedience (nusyuz). It proposes a proportionate, evidence-based approach that protects lawful employment while examining actual effects on care, mutual obligations, and children’s interests. Suggested interpretive and statutory reforms are expressly distinguished from existing binding rules.