Evaluating Security Systems and Protocols to Enhance Hospital Protection at University of the Philippines Manila–Philippine General Hospital Compound

Hospital security plays a vital role in protecting patients, healthcare workers, visitors, and institutional assets while ensuring the continuity of healthcare services. This study evaluated the security systems and protocols implemented within the University of the Philippines Manila–Philippine General Hospital (UPM-PGH) compound to establish an evidence-based basis for strengthening hospital protection. Specifically, it assessed the utilization of physical and technological security systems, determined the implementation and effectiveness of existing security protocols, identified operational challenges, and developed an enhanced security model. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were collected using a researcher-made survey questionnaire administered to 130 University of the Philippines Manila Police personnel and private security guards through total enumeration. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 14 purposively selected participants. Findings revealed that access control and visitor pass control, perimeter barriers, and document security were highly utilized, whereas the closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance system was partially utilized. Legal compliance demonstrated a very high level of effectiveness, while policies and procedures, personnel training, and legal compliance received high implementation ratings. The effectiveness of policies and procedures and personnel training was also rated high. The study identified technological limitations, resource constraints, manpower challenges, and operational difficulties affecting security implementation. Based on these findings, the Hospital Security Enhancement Model was developed to address identified gaps and improve institutional protection. The study concludes that strengthening security infrastructure, improving operational procedures, and enhancing personnel capabilities are essential to ensuring a safer hospital environment. The proposed model may guide security management in public hospitals.