Application of responsive raspberry-like AVM-loaded GelMA/magnetic organosilicon microspheres in pesticide delivery

To address the issues of low biosafety and the difficulty of achieving controllable release in conventional pesticide formulations, this study integrates methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) with avermectin-loaded magnetic hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (A@mMON) to construct a raspberry-like multi-scale composite microsphere (A@mMON@G). These microspheres achieved controlled release of hydrophobic pesticides under glutathione- and enzyme-mediated conditions and demonstrated good biosafety and recoverability. The encapsulation effect of organosilicon makes the release time of loaded pesticides twice that of commercial avermectin emulsion in a simulated insect glutathione environment. In insecticidal assays, the mortality of cotton bollworms and aphids reached 96.2% and 93.1%, respectively. Pot and field experiments further suggested persistent protective performance under practical conditions. At 48 h, the LC 50 of zebrafish in the A@mMON@G group was approximately 3.5-fold higher than that of commercial avermectin emulsion, and the recovery ratio in water and soil reached 92.1% and 72.9% respectively. This study provides a new strategy for the development of pesticide carriers that combine efficient delivery, intelligent response and ecological safety.