Lexicon–Semantics–Phonology Interface: Acquisition of Cognates and False Friends in Second and Third Language by L1 Cypriot Greek Speakers

Abstract The knowledge of cognates, where L1 is Cypriot Greek (CG) and Standard Modern Greek (SMG), L2 is English, and L3 is Spanish and Turkish, has been shown to have a facilitative effect on the acquisition of L2/L3 lexicon. This study examined how CG university students acquired lexicon in L2 English and L3 Spanish and Turkish. Three groups of participants were selected from the public university in Cyprus: 30 L2 English speakers, 22 L3 Spanish speakers, and 20 L3 Turkish speakers. The research design included pre- and post-tests, as well as an intervention phase. The data indicated that false friends negatively impacted the acquisition of L2 and L3, while cognates facilitated their learning. However, there were cases where false friends between L2 English and L3 Spanish and Turkish had a positive effect. Notably, the similarity between SMG and CG, as well as L3 Turkish, over the intervention period demonstrated a beneficial influence. Based on the understanding and awareness of cognates and false friends, this study significantly advances research on L2 and L3 acquisition models, theories, and teaching strategies in L2/L3 classrooms.