THE STRETCHABLE CLOCK Physical Clocks, Nested Cosmic Markers and the Slowing of Every Clock Alike by the Plenum in the IME Cosmos

Abstract. A clock is an oscillator and a counter, a material process whose cycles are counted against a reference. This paper separates five quantities that accounts of time run together: the order of events, the phase of a chosen reference such as a galactic marker, the frequency of a clock, its accumulated count, and the proper time of relativity. In the Info-Magneto-Electrostatic (IME) Cosmos the plenum has three layers: an electrostatic layer, a superfluid that carries light as a signal; a magnetic layer, a hyperfluid that carries rotation and spin; and an informational layer, responsible for entanglement and for the order of events. Every clock is a stationary form of this plenum. The paper proves that a form whose energy and momentum transform with the plenum’s one signal speed, the condition under which its inertia equals its energy divided by , runs at of its rest rate when it moves at speed through the electrostatic layer, whatever it is made of. The channels by which motion reaches an atom, the loading of its electron envelope, the motional magnetism at its nucleus and the swirl the nucleus sustains, are real, but their parts linear in cancel by the stationarity of the bound state and their sum is the universal factor. With the half-power rule for clocks in the plenum’s locality index , the complete IME clock law is . It reproduces, with no adjustable coefficient, the flights of Hafele and Keating, whose east-west difference of ns shows that the electrostatic layer does not rotate with the Earth, the rates of GPS clocks, optical clocks moving at 10 m s−1, lithium ions at a third of the speed of light and muons at . Clocks stretch; the order of events and the galactic marker do not. The numbers are those of relativity; the explanation is a physical one. Near a compact mass the IME exterior has no horizon, and no static clock runs slower than of a distant one.