Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States

The beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses (JWs) make them distinct and defy easy categorization. They self-identify as Christians, believing Jesus Christ is the Son of God, but not part of a Trinity. They view the historical accounts in the Bible as factual and reliable, but unlike many categorized as fundamentalists, do not interpret every part of the Bible literally (e.g., six creative "days"). Although often labeled as a New Religious Movement, their modern-day history dates to over 150 years ago. Witnesses view the early Bible students—Charles Russell and his associates in the 1870s—as restoring first-century Christianity, rather than establishing a new religion. Witnesses also do not fit definitions of a cult (e.g., a charismatic leader requiring social isolation and financial control), and Witnesses report overall a high degree of personal choice. The self-perception of JWs differs from public portrayals. While skeptics dismiss the Bible, Witnesses view their scriptural message as good news (e.g., the restoration of the earth). What some non-Witnesses consider restrictive, Witnesses view as beneficial (e.g., their stance against tobacco and sexual relations outside of marriage). Their refusal of blood transfusions sometimes makes sensational media reports, while Witnesses highlight patient blood management advancements as best practices. Family and friends may disagree with JWs' beliefs, but Witnesses generally report good relationships with those who have different viewpoints. Finally, their name--which combines God's personal name "Jehovah" with their principal activity as "Witnesses"--distinguishes the group from other religions. Responses to this survey draw from background in the United States where the group originated and its world headquarters is located. Answers to questions about certain beliefs and practices rely on the organization's sources. When applicable, quantitative survey studies about Jehovah's Witnesses are referenced.