A natureza jurídica do ato jurisdicional de admissibilidade da acusação e a exigibilidade de sua fundamentação: uma (re)análise da jurisprudência dos tribunais superiores

This article aims to analyze the jurisprudence of the Brazilian higher courts regarding the requirement for grounds for the admissibility of charges, from the perspective of Law 13,964/2019. The central problem lies in the controversy over the legal nature of legal acts of admissibility of the indictment and the judicial resistance to adequately substantiating it, neglecting the constitutional duty of justification, which is a fundamental right of citizens. The justification is based on the need to verify the effectiveness of the new articles 315, §2 and 564, V of the CPP as fundamental guarantees against arbitrariness. Methodologically, the inductive method and empirical research were adopted, revisiting previous studies through the analysis of judgments of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and the Federal Supreme Court (STF) handed down between January 2020 and February 2026. The confirmed hypothesis points to a protection deficit: despite legislative innovations, the inquisitorial mentality prevails, since the vast majority of judges ignore the new legal provisions and maintain the understanding that succinct grounds, or their absence, are sufficient for the complaint to be accepted.